Exposition Text

Example of Hortatory Text

THE GOVERNMENT MUST CARE ABOUT CORRUPTION

Nowadays, corruption is very common to happen. Corruption is happen in many field in Indonesia, such as in education, health, sport, politics, government, etc. Well, corruption in Indonesia is the hottest topic for our country. We see, every news program, at least once, showed some news about corruption. But, what is corruption? In economic aspects corruption is the misuse of public office for private gain.

Some people think that the government doesn’t care about it. Do you think so? Well, in our opinion our government actually care about corruption in Indonesia but until now corruption in Indonesia is still rooted. We know that corruption is a serious problem that must be solve quickly. Because corruption brings many disadvantages. So, what are disadvantages of corruption?

First, corruption also hurts the poor indirectly because corruption is an impediment to economic growth, reinforces inequality, and distorts public expenditure allocation. Second, corruption affects society as a whole it is the poor who suffer from it. Corruption eats into an already tight budget and extra expenditures mean cuts in other basic needs areas. Moreover, the effects of corruption are not merely financial. They may also be profoundly economic, moral, and social.

So, what is the government doing to handle corruption? The government of Indonesia makes Indonesia‘s Corruption Eradication Commission (Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi/ KPK). It is a government agency established to fight corruption. The KPK vision is to eradicate Indonesian from corruption.

But, what can we do? Corruption won’t stop unless we choose to stop it. That’s way, we must care and prevent opportunity of corruption to happen and don’t do it. We can also encourage our government to changes the current system and to create firm laws for corruptor, quickly inform KPK if we know or see corruption happen, we can also join campaigns to fight corruption and to build good governance around the world. And we have to prevent to younger generations from bad mentality. So, let’s stop corruption to save Indonesia free from corruption!

Example of Analytical Text

ASEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY (AEC) 2015

The primary objective of the AEC is to achieve regional economic integration by creating a single-market economy that allows free movement of investments, skilled labor, capital, goods and services across all the member countries. In 2007, the ASEAN leaders adopted the ASEAN economic blueprint at the 13^th ASEAN Summit that serves as a guide for all the member countries to establish the AEC. This initiative is of a great significance as it would be a culmination of ASEAN’s efforts since the 1990’s.  The AEC envisions a highly competitive economic region that is prosperous and stable. It would reduce poverty in the region, reduce socioeconomic disparities and bring in equitable economic development. To integrate the region with global economy, member countries need to bring in a set of reforms and brace themselves for major changes, risks and opportunities.

Indonesia Braces Up for AEC!

The largest economy in the region, Indonesia, is gearing up to brace the opportunities provided by AEC. However, just like other countries, Indonesia has its set of challenges for meeting its target as well.

To achieve AEC, one scheme put forward is the Mutual Recognition Agreement (MRA) that calls for standard harmonization between the member countries. To regionally standardize industrial products, members would work towards uniform industrial practices that allow easy integration. The sectors under focus include textiles and apparel, wood-based products, automotives, fisheries, rubber-based products, tourism, healthcare, logistic services, electronic equipment (EEE), e-ASEAN, air travel and agro-based products. To accommodate this agreement, Indonesia needs to invest in infrastructure in order to improve connectivity and decrease logistics costs.

Besides, Indonesia had to work on improving the quality of its products, services and manpower so that it could compete well in the region and not just serve as a market for other countries. In February 2014, the Economic Minister Hatta Rajasa stated that  the preparations for AEC in Indonesia are 78% complete but the journey has not been easy and Indonesia continues to face challenges.

Over the past few years, Indonesia has been aggressively working to build its strenghts. There have been major developments. New airports have been formed and refurbished. To develop human resources, the Manpower and Transmigration Minister Muhaimin Iskandar suggested that all education curricula in the region should be international standards. The current labor pool is considered as substandard as a large proportion of Indonesia labor is uneducated and works only in labor-intensive industries.

AEC is also a huge opportunity for  Indonesian banks to expand into the South-eastern market for the first time. However, to make such a huge step, Indonesian banks need to gain more knowledge about international banking.

Regional Situation

The largest regional investors for intra-regional investment are Malaysia, Thailand and Singapore. Countries such as Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam and Cambodia enjoy a significant level of investment from other ASEAN countries that help reduce the development gap in the region. When it comes to the banking sector, Singapore and Malaysia have an edge as both countries have operated in other countries in the region.

In terms of the MRA implementation, Thailand, Vietnam, Singapore and Malaysia are leading with 56, 20, 34 and 156 registered products as compared to Indonesia with 19.

As for professional labor development, people are skeptical even in Thailand, Myanmar and Philippines. Singapore is the only country that is investing efforts to promote free flow of skilled labor.

To prepare Thai businesses for integration with neighboring countries, the commerce ministry has set up and delegated the task to a separate office that will provide support and assistance to the business operators.

Philippines is lagging behind for foreign investments. The number of Philippines’ companies operating overseas is much less as compared to other ASEAN countries. There are also conflicting views in Philippines regarding the AEC. While the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) stated that the country is ready for AEC, business owners and investors had a different opinion and stated that the integration poses threat to local firms.

As for Myanmar, the Minister of National Planning and Economic Development (MNPED), U Kan Zaw stated that the country has met about half of its targeted reforms but still needs more time. Being a less-developed country, Myanmar is in need of assistance to meet its targets within the given time frame.

Each ASEAN country is struggling to overcome the challenges to achieve the ambitious target of making AEC a reality. There can be a number of risks in the process which include currency depreciation, tough financial conditions, inflationary pressures and capital outflows. Owing to the developmental gap, all countries may not be able to meet the target by 2015 to launch AEC and may get delayed until 2018. Indonesia can be a major contributor to the success of AEC with its huge population, natural resources and a thriving tourism sector. Therefore,   Indonesia should aggressively build on its capacities to benefit from the limitless opportunities that AEC provides.

Example of Discussion Text

HACKING : PRO AND CONTRA

Do you know what a hacker is? Well, a hacker is a person who enjoys exploring the details of programmable systems on computers and they like to stretch the capability of the systems. And you know what, the activities they do in the computers are called ‘hacking’.

So, what’s the problem with ‘hacking and its hackers’? Well, the problem is whether ‘hacking and its hackers’ is legal or illegal? What I mean is that people in the world have many different views about hacking and the hackers. Some of them take sides, but many object.

To get back to what I was saying previously, let us see the positive points of a hacker, shall we? Although in most places breaking into computer systems is considered illegal, I believe that hackers don’t do anything illegal because they only want to know and try the systems. I dare to say that a hacker likes finding the strengths and the weaknesses of a computer system. They feel proud if they can find the weaknesses. So I don’t really see the crimes in this case. In addition, these hackers sometimes help the police catch the ‘white collar criminals’, such as bank robbers, money launderers, credit card forgers. For example, in 2000, the U.S. hackers caught some Singaporean hackers who made ‘Virus Love’ to break up the programs of the U.S. National Security system.

Nevertheless, those who object to the good points of a hacker say that hacking is a crime. The reason is that some hackers use their brilliant skills to break into banks and other vital institutions where they can get money, destroy information, and the worst thing is they can get secret information and sell it to another country. This is a treachery.

Take for example, in 1994, The U.S. government broke a conspiracy of computer hackers out of Majorca, Spain. These hackers were responsible for accessing and eliminating 190,000 telephone credit card numbers over computer bulletin boards in America and Europe. Seeing this fact, I don’t blame those who think negatively about hackers.

To put the whole thing in a nut shell, I personally think that hackers are not bad people with their brilliant skills. However, they could be bad because of money orientation to get the wealth. That’s just the point.

Hortatory Text Structure     :

·     Thesis                     :   Thesis contains the principal author of the introduction of the idea of a symptom or event that will be raised or discussed.

Example                ►  Corruption is very common to happen. Corruption is happen in many field in Indonesia, such as in education, health, sport, politics, government, etc. Well, corruption in Indonesia is the hottest topic for our country.

·    Arguments             :   Arguments contains the opinions of the authors that support the main idea. The more opinions the authors write, the more attractive a Hortatory Exposition Text it, because readers tend to believe in an event if there are many opinions that support in it.

Example                ►  

1.  Argument 1           : In our opinion our government actually care about corruption in Indonesia but until now corruption in Indonesia is still rooted.

2.  Argument 2           : What are disadvantages of corruption? First, corruption also hurts the poor indirectly because corruption is an impediment to economic growth, reinforces inequality, and distorts public expenditure allocation. Second, corruption affects society as a whole it is the poor who suffer from it.

·     Recommendation    :  Recommendation contains a recommendation or solicitation author to the reader.

Example                ►  We must care and prevent opportunity of corruption to happen and don’t do it. We can also encourage our government to changes the current system and to create firm laws for corruptor, quickly inform KPK if we know or see corruption happen, we can also join campaigns to fight corruption and to build good governance around the world. And we have to prevent to younger generations from bad mentality. So, let’s stop corruption to save Indonesia free from corruption!

Analytical Text Structure     :

·    Thesis                    :   In the thesis, the author introduces the topic or main idea that will be discussed. Thesis has always been in the first paragraph in the Analytical Exposition Text.

Example                ►  The primary objective of the AEC is to achieve regional economic integration by creating a single-market economy that allows free movement of investments, skilled labor, capital, goods and services across all the member countries.

·     Argument              :  In this section the author presents arguments or opinions that support the main idea the author, usually in an Analytical Exposition Text there are more than two arguments. The more arguments are shown the reader believe that the topics covered by the authors is a very important topic or need attention.

Example                ►  Over the past few years, Indonesia has been aggressively working to build its strengths. There have been major developments. New airports have been formed and refurbished. To develop human resources, the Manpower and Transmigration Minister Muhaimin Iskandar suggested that all education curricula in the region should be international standards. The current labor pool is considered as substandard as a large proportion of Indonesia labor is uneducated and works only in labor-intensive industries.

AEC is also a huge opportunity for Indonesian banks to expand into the South-eastern market for the first time. However, to make such a huge step, Indonesian banks need to gain more knowledge about international banking.

·     Reiteration                        :  This section is the concluding part of an Analytical Exposition text is always located at the end of the paragraph. Reiteration contains re-writing or re-placement of main idea contained in the first paragraph. Reiteration is also commonly called the conclusion.

Example                ►  Each ASEAN country is struggling to overcome the challenges to achieve the ambitious target of making AEC a reality. There can be a number of risks in the process which include currency depreciation, tough financial conditions, inflationary pressures and capital outflows. Owing to the developmental gap, all countries may not be able to meet the target by 2015 to launch AEC and may get delayed until 2018. Indonesia can be a major contributor to the success of AEC with its huge population, natural resources and a thriving tourism sector. Therefore,   Indonesia should aggressively build on its capacities to benefit from the limitless opportunities that AEC provides.

Discussion Text Structure    :

·     Issue                      :  Issue contained in the first paragraph that contains the placement problem or issue to be discussed.

Example                ►  Hacker is a person who enjoys exploring the details of programmable systems on computers and they like to stretch the capability of the systems. And you know what, the activities they do in the computers are called ‘hacking’.

·    Supporting Points             :  In this section, the author presents arguments in favor of the issue. In each paragraph Supporting Point consists of two components which are the main ideas of paragraphs and elaboration or description of the main idea of the paragraph.

Example                ►  To get back to what I was saying previously, let us see the positive points of a hacker, shall we? Although in most places breaking into computer systems is considered illegal, I believe that hackers don’t do anything illegal because they only want to know and try the systems. I dare to say that a hacker likes finding the strengths and the weaknesses of a computer system. They feel proud if they can find the weaknesses. So I don’t really see the crimes in this case. In addition, these hackers sometimes help the police catch the ‘white collar criminals’, such as bank robbers, money launderers, credit card forgers. For example, in 2000, the U.S. hackers caught some Singaporean hackers who made ‘Virus Love’ to break up the programs of the U.S. National Security system.

·     Contrasting Points                        :  In this section, the author presents further arguments against the issue or problem. As in paragraph Supporting  Point, Contrasting Points also present two components forming the main idea and paragraphs and elaboration or description of the main idea of the paragraph.

Example                ►  Nevertheless, those who object to the good points of a hacker say that hacking is a crime. The reason is that some hackers use their brilliant skills to break into banks and other vital institutions where they can get money, destroy information, and the worst thing is they can get secret information and sell it to another country.

·   Conclusion or Recommendation   :  In this section the authors present a conclusion or can also    recommend to the issue or issues that have been discussed above. 

     Example                      ►  To put the whole thing in a nut shell, I personally think that hackers are not bad people with their brilliant skills. However, they could be bad because of money orientation to get the wealth. That’s just the point.

REFRENCES

 http://yuliakurniasih30.wordpress.com/tag/contoh-hortatory-exposition-about-corruption/ (hortatory text example)

ü http://bebbiony.wordpress.com/2013/05/02/pengertian-hortatory-exposition-teks-dan-contoh2-nya/ (analytical text example)

ühttp://www.globalindonesianvoices.com/13560/anticipating-the-asean-economic-community-2015-are-indonesia-and-its-neighboring-countries-ready-yet/ (discussion text example)

http://cepatbisainggris.com/2014/03/18/pengertian-dan-contoh-analytical-exposition (hortatory text structure)

ühttp://www.belajarbahasainggris.us/2012/01/contoh-teks-discussion-hacking-pro-and.html (analytical text structure)

ü  http://www.belajarbahasainggris.us/2014/02/discussion-text-penjelasan-contoh.html (discussion text structure)